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'''Artichokes''' (''Cynara scolymus'') are a perennial [[vegetables|vegetable]] in the [[Asteraceae]] family, grown for their edible flower buds. == Growing Artichokes == === Starting Plants === Artichokes can be grown from seeds, seedlings, or divisions. *'''Seeds''': Start seeds indoors 8-12 weeks before the [[last frost date]]. Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed starting trays filled with seed starting mix. Keep the soil moist and at a temperature of 70-80Β°F (21-27Β°C) until germination, which usually takes 7-14 days. *'''Seedlings''': Purchase seedlings from a nursery or garden center. Transplant them into the garden after the last frost date. *'''Divisions''': Divide established artichoke plants in early spring or fall. Each division should have at least 3-4 shoots and a healthy root system. === Planting Time === Plant artichokes in the garden 2-4 weeks after the last frost date in spring, once the soil has warmed up. In mild climates, artichokes can also be planted in fall. === Harvesting === Artichokes are ready to harvest when the buds are tight, compact, and about 3 inches in diameter. Cut the bud stems 1-2 inches below the base of the bud. Artichoke plants typically produce for 3-5 years. === Saving Seeds === To save seeds, allow some buds to fully open and bloom. Once the flowers have dried, collect the seeds and store them in a cool, dry place. == Varieties == Some commonly grown artichoke varieties include: *[[Green Globe]] *[[Imperial Star]] *[[Violetto]] == Uses == Artichokes are used in various culinary applications: *Steamed or boiled and served with [[butter]] or [[aioli]] *Stuffed with [[breadcrumbs]], [[herbs]], [[garlic]], and [[cheese]] *Used as a [[pizza]] topping *Blended into dips or spreads, such as artichoke dip *Added to [[salads]], [[pasta dishes]], or [[frittatas]]
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