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'''Endive''' is a leafy vegetable belonging to the Asteraceae family, closely related to [[chicory]], [[radicchio]], and [[escarole]]. It is known for its crisp, slightly bitter leaves and is often used in salads and other culinary dishes. ==Starting Endive Plants== Endive can be started from seeds, either indoors or directly in the garden. ===Indoor Seed Starting=== Start seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before the [[last frost date]] in your area. #Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting trays filled with a well-draining potting mix. #Keep the soil moist and maintain a temperature between 60-70°F (15-21°C) for optimal germination. #Seedlings will emerge in 7-14 days. Transplant seedlings to the garden after the risk of frost has passed and they have developed several true leaves. ===Direct Sowing=== Sow seeds directly in the garden 2-4 weeks before the last frost date for a spring crop, or 8-10 weeks before the first frost date for a fall crop. #Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows 12-18 inches apart. Thin seedlings to 8-12 inches apart when they are 2-3 inches tall. ==Harvesting Endive== *Endive is typically ready for harvest 60-90 days after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. *Harvest individual leaves as needed by cutting them at the base of the plant with a sharp knife. *Alternatively, harvest the entire plant by cutting it at the base when it has reached the desired size. *Endive can be harvested continuously until the plant begins to bolt or the leaves become too bitter. ==Harvesting Endive Seeds== #Allow a few endive plants to flower and develop seed heads. #When the seed heads turn brown and dry, cut them off and place them in a paper bag. #Hang the bag in a dry, well-ventilated area for 1-2 weeks to allow the seeds to fully mature. #Crush the dried seed heads and sift out the seeds. #Store the seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dry place for future planting. ==Commonly Grown Endive Varieties== *[[Frisée]] (Curly Endive) *[[Escarole]] (Broad-leaved Endive) *[[Belgian Endive]] (Witloof) *[[Rhodos]] ==Uses as Food== Endive is a versatile vegetable that can be used in various dishes. *Raw in [[salad|salads]], providing a crisp and slightly bitter contrast to other greens *[[Grilling|Grilled]] or [[roasting|roasted]] as a side dish *[[Sautéing|Sautéed]] or [[braising|braised]] with other vegetables or meats *Used as a garnish or added to [[sandwich|sandwiches]] for extra crunch and flavor *Endive is a good source of [[vitamin A]], [[vitamin K]], as well as [[folate]] and [[dietary fiber]].
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