St. John's Wort

St. John's Wort St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a flowering plant known for its medicinal properties. It is native to Europe and Asia but has been naturalized in many parts of the world, including North America and Australia.

Starting Plants

St. John's Wort can be propagated from seeds, cuttings, or division. Seeds should be sown in the fall or early spring, while cuttings can be taken in the spring or summer. Division is best done in the spring or fall when the plant is not in active growth.

Hardiness

St. John's Wort is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 3-8, making it adaptable to a range of climates. It is a perennial plant that can survive winter temperatures as low as -40°F (-40°C).

Plant Size

St. John's Wort plants can grow 1-3 feet (30-90 cm) tall and 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) wide, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

Harvesting

St. John's Wort flowers and leaves are typically harvested when the plant is in full bloom, usually in late June or early July. Cut the top 1/3 of the plant, including flowers and leaves, and dry them in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.

Production

St. John's Wort plants can produce flowers and leaves for several years with proper care and maintenance. They may need to be divided every 3-4 years to maintain vigor and prevent overcrowding.

Seed Harvesting

To harvest St. John's Wort seeds, allow the seed pods to mature and turn brown on the plant. Collect the pods and crush them to release the seeds. Store the seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Common Varieties

Some popular St. John's Wort varieties include:

• Common St. John's Wort
• Topaz
• Helos
• Elstead
• Brigadoon

Uses as Food and Medicine

While St. John's Wort is not commonly used as a food ingredient, it has a long history of use in herbal medicine. The plant contains compounds like hypericin and hyperforin, which are believed to have antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. St. John's Wort is often used as a natural remedy for mild to moderate depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. However, it can interact with many medications, so it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before using it for medicinal purposes.