Bergamot

Bergamot (Monarda didyma), also known as Bee Balm or Oswego Tea, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to North America. It is known for its aromatic leaves and vibrant, tubular flowers that attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.

Starting Plants

Bergamot can be started from seeds, cuttings, or divisions. Sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date or directly in the garden after the risk of frost has passed. Seeds germinate in 14-21 days at temperatures between 60-70°F (15-21°C).

Planting Time

Transplant Bergamot seedlings or divisions into the garden after the last frost date when the soil has warmed. Space plants 18-24 inches apart in well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.

Harvesting

Bergamot leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season as needed. Harvest leaves in the morning after the dew has evaporated for the best flavor. Flowers can be harvested when they are in full bloom, typically from mid-summer to early fall.

Plant Longevity

Bergamot is a perennial plant that can live for several years in the garden. Divide plants every 2-3 years to maintain vigor and prevent overcrowding.

Seed Harvesting

To harvest Bergamot seeds, allow the flowers to mature and dry on the plant. Once the seed heads turn brown and dry, cut them from the plant and place them in a paper bag. Shake the bag to release the seeds, then store them in a cool, dry place until ready to plant.

Commonly Grown Varieties

Panorama Red: A variety with bright red flowers and a compact growth habit.
Marshall's Delight: A mildew-resistant variety with pink flowers.
Lemon Bergamot (Monarda citriodora): A separate species with a strong lemon scent and flavor.

Culinary Uses

Bergamot leaves and flowers can be used in various culinary applications:

Herbal tea: Steep fresh or dried leaves and flowers in hot water for a fragrant, soothing tea.
Salads: Add fresh leaves and petals to salads for a burst of color and flavor.
Jams and jellies: Use Bergamot flowers to make flavorful, colorful preserves.
Baked goods: Incorporate leaves or flowers into cakes, cookies, or bread for a unique flavor.