Tomatoes
Tomatoes
Tomatoes are a popular fruit (botanically a berry) in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, widely cultivated for their edible fruits. They are native to South America but are now grown worldwide.
Starting Tomato Plants[edit]
To start tomato plants:
- Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in your area
- Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed starting trays or pots filled with seed starting mix
- Keep soil moist but not soggy and maintain a temperature of 70-80°F (21-27°C)
- Provide plenty of light, using grow lights if necessary
- Transplant seedlings to individual pots when they have their first set of true leaves
Planting Tomatoes Outdoors[edit]
Tomatoes should be planted outdoors after the last frost date in your area. To plant:
- Harden off seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a week
- Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil
- Space plants 18-36 inches apart, depending on the variety
- Plant seedlings deeply, burying up to the first set of true leaves
- Provide support, such as tomato cages or stakes, for indeterminate varieties
Harvesting Tomatoes[edit]
Tomatoes are typically ready to harvest 60-80 days after transplanting, depending on the variety. To harvest:
- Pick fruits when they are fully colored and slightly soft to the touch
- Use pruning shears or scissors to cut the fruit from the vine, keeping a small portion of the stem attached
- Harvest regularly to encourage continued production
- Tomato plants can produce fruit for several weeks to a few months, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Saving Tomato Seeds[edit]
To save seeds from tomatoes:
- Choose fully ripe, healthy fruits from your best plants
- Cut the tomato in half and scoop out the seeds and gel into a jar
- Add a small amount of water to the jar and let the mixture ferment for 2-3 days
- Pour off the liquid and rinse the seeds thoroughly
- Spread the seeds on a paper towel to dry completely
- Store dried seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dry place
Common Tomato Varieties[edit]
Some commonly grown tomato varieties include:
- Cherry: Small, round fruits that are sweet and prolific
- Roma: Plum-shaped fruits with few seeds, ideal for sauce and canning
- Beefsteak: Large, meaty fruits perfect for slicing
- Heirloom: Various shapes, sizes, and colors, prized for their unique flavors and appearance
Uses as Food[edit]
Tomatoes are versatile in the kitchen and can be used in a variety of dishes: