Lemon

Lemon Lemon (Citrus limon) is a popular citrus fruit known for its tart, acidic flavor and numerous culinary and medicinal uses. The lemon tree is an evergreen tree native to South Asia, believed to have originated in the Assam region of India.

Starting Plants

Lemon trees are typically propagated through grafting or from cuttings, as they do not grow true to seed. Grafted trees are usually more disease-resistant and have a shorter time to fruit production. Lemon trees can also be grown from seed, but they may take up to 10 years to produce fruit and may not have the same characteristics as the parent tree.

Hardiness

Lemon trees are best suited to USDA hardiness zones 8-11, as they are sensitive to cold temperatures. They can tolerate temperatures down to 28°F (-2°C) for short periods, but prolonged exposure to cold can damage or kill the tree.

Plant Size

Lemon trees can grow 10-20 feet (3-6 m) tall and wide, but they can be pruned to maintain a smaller size for easier harvesting and maintenance. Dwarf varieties are also available, which are better suited for container gardening.

Harvesting

Lemons are typically ready to harvest 6-9 months after flowering, depending on the variety and climate. Fruits are ripe when they have reached their mature size and have developed their characteristic yellow color. Harvest lemons by cutting them off the tree with scissors or a sharp knife, leaving a small portion of the stem attached.

Production

Lemon trees can produce fruit year-round in the right conditions, with the main harvest periods occurring in late winter and early summer. Trees typically begin bearing fruit 3-5 years after planting and can continue producing for up to 50 years with proper care.

Seed Harvesting

To harvest lemon seeds, remove them from a mature fruit and rinse them thoroughly. Allow the seeds to dry completely before storing them in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Common Varieties

Some popular lemon varieties include:

• Eureka
• Lisbon
• Meyer
• Variegated Pink
• Buddha's Hand

Uses as Food

Lemons are widely used in cooking and baking, adding flavor to dishes, sauces, dressings, and beverages. They are also used to make lemonade, preserves, and candied lemon peel. Lemon juice is a common ingredient in marinades and is used to prevent enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables. Lemons are a rich source of vitamin C and flavonoids.