Trout

Raising Trout in Aquaponics or Small Aquaculture Systems

Trout are a popular fish species for aquaponics and small aquaculture systems, particularly in cooler climates. They are known for their delicate flavor and high nutritional value. This article provides information on raising trout in these systems, including their hardiness, feeding requirements, breeding in captivity, and food preservation recipes.

Hardiness

Trout are coldwater fish and require a temperature range of 45°F to 65°F (7°C to 18°C) for optimal growth and survival. They are more sensitive to water quality than other fish species commonly used in aquaponics, such as tilapia or catfish. Trout require well-oxygenated water with dissolved oxygen levels above 6 mg/L and a pH range of 6.5 to 8.0.

Feeding

Trout are carnivorous and require a high-protein diet. In aquaponics systems, they are typically fed commercial pelleted feeds designed specifically for trout. The feed should contain a minimum of 40% protein and be provided 2-3 times daily, with the amount adjusted based on the fish's size and water temperature. Trout can also be fed live foods, such as mealworms, worms, or insects, as a supplementary diet.

Breeding in Captivity

Breeding trout in captivity can be challenging and requires specific environmental conditions. Trout are seasonal spawners and typically breed in the fall when water temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C). To encourage breeding, maintain a ratio of 1 male to 3 females and provide a suitable substrate, such as gravel or sand, for the fish to lay their eggs. Once the eggs are fertilized, they can be collected and incubated in separate tanks until hatching.

Food Preservation Recipes

Trout can be preserved using various methods, such as freezing, canning, and smoking. Here are a few simple recipes:

Frozen Trout

1. Clean and fillet the trout.
2. Place the fillets in a freezer-safe container or bag.
3. Remove as much air as possible and seal the container or bag.
4. Label with the date and store in the freezer for up to 6 months.

Canned Trout

1. Clean and fillet the trout.
2. Pack the fillets into sterilized canning jars, leaving 1 inch of headspace.
3. Add 1 tsp of salt per pint jar, if desired.
4. Fill the jars with boiling water, maintaining 1 inch of headspace.
5. Remove air bubbles, wipe the jar rims, and apply the lids and rings.
6. Process the jars in a pressure canner at 10 PSI for 100 minutes (for pint jars).

Smoked Trout

1. Clean and fillet the trout.
2. Brine the fillets in a solution of 1/4 cup salt and 1/4 cup brown sugar per quart of water for 30 minutes.
3. Remove the fillets from the brine and pat dry.
4. Smoke the fillets in a smoker at 165°F (74°C) for 2-3 hours or until the internal temperature reaches 145°F (63°C).

By following these guidelines and recipes, you can successfully raise and utilize trout in your aquaponics or small aquaculture system, even in cooler climates.